Glossary

Definitions for the HPC and container terms used across the Laptop-to-Cluster guide.

Scheduler and allocation

allocation : Compute resources (cores, memory, GPUs, wall time) that a scheduler grants temporarily to a job.

batch scheduler : Software, such as Slurm or a PBS-family system, that assigns shared cluster resources and controls when jobs run.

job : Submitted work that requests resources and runs inside an allocation until completion, cancellation, failure, or timeout.

job step : A process the scheduler launches and tracks within an allocation; one job can contain several steps.

orchestration boundary : The system responsible for starting and connecting processes. Compose fills this role on a laptop; on HPC, the scheduler allocation and launch script fill it together.

reclamation : The scheduler returning allocated resources to the cluster when a job ends or reaches its wall-time limit.

terminal state : The scheduler’s final classification of a job, such as COMPLETED, FAILED, TIMEOUT, or CANCELLED.

wall time : The maximum duration requested for a job. The scheduler ends a job that reaches this limit.

Runtime and storage

bind : A host filesystem path mounted at a chosen path inside a container.

immutable image : A read-only container image, such as an Apptainer .sif file, replaced through a verified rebuild rather than edited during a run.

job-scoped scratch : Temporary writable storage assigned to one job and unsuitable for durable results.

module load : A command that makes center-managed software available in the current environment.

rootless runtime : A container runtime, such as Apptainer or Charliecloud, that launches containers without a privileged daemon or root access.

Workflow mechanics

checksum (SHA-256) : A content fingerprint used to verify that a file matches an expected artifact.

inert input : Input parsed as data rather than evaluated as code or shell commands.

loopback : The local-only network interface, usually 127.0.0.1, used to keep a service reachable only from the same machine.

readiness check : A test that confirms a service can perform its required operation before dependent work starts.

semantic readiness : A readiness check that verifies a correct service response rather than only an open port.

SSH tunnel : An encrypted forwarding path used to reach a remote service through SSH without publishing its port broadly.

success marker : A machine-readable file written only after the workflow’s documented result checks pass.

Continue with Scheduler as Orchestrator, the Baseline Pattern, or Getting started.